Latest standards for hybrid energy design of ground-to-air communication base stations

What is direct air to ground communication?

Direct Air to Ground Communication envisages a set of Base Stations suitably placed at the ground and directly communicating with airborne object, which may be an aircraft or any other aerial vehicle. These base stations transmit the radio waves to the airborne object that crosses the range of the base stations.

What are hybrid aerial-terrestrial communication networks based on low altitude platforms (laps)?

Hybrid aerial-terrestrial communication networks based on Low Altitude Platforms (LAPs) are expected to optimally meet the urgent communication needs of emergency relief and recovery operations for tackling large scale natural disasters.

What is the difference between aircraft station and ground station?

The aircraft station consists of the radio receiver and transmitter, as well as network appliances for handling in-flight entertainment systems which is available commonly on many aircrafts. Ground Stations are towers that communicate with aircrafts in its coverage area.

What is a ground BS antenna?

The paper introduces a ground BS antenna design for the 5.9-8.5 GHz band. The main contributions include wide-band, high-isolation antenna array concept for the ground BS antenna, along with an analysis of how the antenna array dimension affects the signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio and throughput in ATG systems.

What is a base station & Radio Access Layer?

The system includes base stations (BTS) on the ground connected to PSTN, Internet and airborne terminals with interfaces to other on-board devices such as wireline hubs, Wi-Fi routers, pico-cells, among others. The radio access layer provides the radio access functions between the BTS and airborne terminals.

How do Hibs systems coordinate with terrestrial mobile networks?

Coordination and coexistence between HIBS systems and terrestrial mobile networks: As HIBS systems aim to use the same frequency bands as ground-based IMT BS, how to coordinate HIBS systems with terrestrial networks is an important and rich area to look into. Example issues include interference coordination, seamless mobility, and load balancing.