Hybrid energy design for underground concealed communication base station

Is a stand-alone PV/wind hybrid energy system suitable for cellular mobile telephony?

This paper proposes that the suitable alternative solution of grid power is the stand-alone PV/wind hybrid energy system with diesel generator as a backup for cellular mobile telephony base station site in isolated areas.

Is hybrid energy system a cost-effective option for re-Mote and grid-connected BTS?

According to numerical results, for the use case of the Greek island of Kea, we confirmed that hybrid energy system is a promising, cost-effective option for both re-mote and grid-connected BTSs, via reducing remarkably the total annualized cost of energy system and CO2 emissions.

How to optimize a hybrid energy system?

In order to select an optimum com-bination for a hybrid system to meet the load demand, evaluations must be carried out on the basis of power reliability and system life-cycle cost. Recently, several simulations have been performed in order to optimize hybrid energy systems and to fulfill the energy demands of a BTS.

What is a Base Transceiver Station (BTS)?

The reduction of energy consumption, operation costs and CO2 emissions at the Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) is a major consideration in wire-less telecommunications networks, while the utilization of alternative energy sources, such as solar or wind, having emerged as an attractive solution with numerous advantages.

How much energy does a base transceiver station use?

There are approximately 4 million installed Base Transceivers Stations (BTSs) in the world today. A BTS of a wireless communications network consumes 100 watts of electricity to pro-duce only 1.2 Watts of transmitted radio signals. From a system efficiency perspective (output/input power), this translates into an energy efficiency of 1.2% .

Is a grid-connected BTS a cost-effective solution?

Finally, considering the case-study of a BTS installed in the Greek island of Kea, it is shown that a combination of photo-voltaic, wind, diesel generators, batteries and electricity grid, for a grid-connected BTS, is the most cost-effective solution. Journal of Green Engineering, Vol. 3, 127–146. c 2013 River Publishers. All rights reserved.